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GSE10806
Mus musculus
11 Downloadable Samples
Description
Reprogramming of somatic cells is a valuable tool to understand the mechanisms of regaining pluripotency and further opens up the possibility of generating patient-specific pluripotent stem cells. Reprogramming of mouse and human somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, designated as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, has been possible with the expression of the transcription factor quartet Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1), Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4. Considering that ectopic expression of c-Myc causes tumourigenicity in offspring and retroviruses themselves can cause insertional mutagenesis, the generation of iPS cells with a minimal number of factors may hasten the clinical application of this approach. Here, we show that adult mouse neural stem cells express higher endogenous levels of Sox2 and c-Myc than embryonic stem cells, and that exogenous Oct4 together with either Klf4 or c-Myc are sufficient to generate iPS cells from neural stem cells. These two-factor (2F) iPS cells are similar to embryonic stem cells at the molecular level, contribute to development of the germ line, and form chimeras. We propose that, in inducing pluripotency, the number of reprogramming factors can be reduced when using somatic cells that endogenously express appropriate levels of complementing factors.
Publication Title
Pluripotent stem cells induced from adult neural stem cells by reprogramming with two factors.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 9 Downloadable Samples
Description
The four transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc can induce pluripotency in mouse and human fibroblasts. We previously described direct reprogramming of adult mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) by Oct4 and either Klf4 or c-Myc. NSCs endogenously express Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4 as well as several intermediate reprogramming markers. Here we report that exogenous expression of the germline-specific transcription factor Oct4 is sufficient to generate pluripotent stem cells from adult mouse NSCs. These one-factor induced pluripotent stem (1F iPS) cells are similar to embryonic stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Not only can these cells be efficiently differentiated into NSCs, cardiomyocytes and germ cells in vitro, but they are also capable of teratoma formation and germline transmission in vivo. Our results demonstrate that Oct4 is required and sufficient to directly reprogram NSCs to pluripotency.
Publication Title
Oct4-induced pluripotency in adult neural stem cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 9 Downloadable Samples
Description
Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), is a well-known, ubiquitous estrogenic chemical. To investigate the effects of fetal exposure to low-dose BPA on the development of the prostate, we first examined the alterations of in situ sex steroid hormonal environment in the mouse urogenital sinus (UGS).
Publication Title
Endocrine disrupter bisphenol A increases in situ estrogen production in the mouse urogenital sinus.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus, Homo sapiens
- 4 Downloadable Samples
Description
Merm1/Wbscr22 is one of genes in chromosomal region deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder. Wbscr22 contains a nuclear localization signal and an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase fold, but its real function is completely unknown.In this study, to examine the function, we compared the gene expression profiles between control and Merm1/Wbscr22 knock-downed tumor cells.
Publication Title
The novel metastasis promoter Merm1/Wbscr22 enhances tumor cell survival in the vasculature by suppressing Zac1/p53-dependent apoptosis.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 14 Downloadable Samples
Description
The generation of properly functioning gametes in vitro, a key goal in developmental/reproductive biology, requires multi-step reconstitutions of complex germ cell development. Based on the logic of primordial germ cell (PGC)-specification, we demonstrate here the generation of PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) in mice with robust capacity for spermatogenesis from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs), a cellular state highly similar to pre-gastrulating epiblasts, but distinct from epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs). The global transcription profiles, epigenetic reprogramming, and cellular dynamics during PGCLC induction from EpiLCs are a meticulous capture of those associated with PGC specification from the epiblasts. Furthermore, we identify Integrin-beta 3 and SSEA1 as markers that purify PGCLCs with spermatogenic capacity free from tumorigenic undifferentiated cells. With the reconstitution of PGC specification pathway from the naive inner cell mass state, our study defines a paradigm for the essential step of in vitro gametogenesis.
Publication Title
Reconstitution of the mouse germ cell specification pathway in culture by pluripotent stem cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 10 Downloadable Samples
Description
We propose comparing liver gene expression of WT and female ERKO mice early in the high-fat feeding period to animals fed a regular chow diet. Analyzing liver tissue before the fatty liver disease phenotype becomes severe will allow identification of target genes which may be causal.
Publication Title
Hormone signaling and fatty liver in females: analysis of estrogen receptor α mutant mice.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 3 Downloadable Samples
Description
A permantly active form of the oncogene Akt was expressed in the keratinocytes of the basal proliferative layer of the epidermis. Stem cells of the hair follicle expressing the cell surface marker CD34 were isolated. RNA form the CD34(+) and CD34(-) keratinocytes was extracted and and hybridized to Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Affymetrix arrays.
Publication Title
Akt signaling leads to stem cell activation and promotes tumor development in epidermis.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 6 Downloadable Samples
Description
The 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D metabolite (24R,25D) has long been suspected of participating to bone fracture repair. We used Cyp24a1-deficient mice, unable to produce 24R25D, to observe gene expression in callus tissue compared to that of control littermates.
Publication Title
Optimal bone fracture repair requires 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its effector molecule FAM57B2.
Sample Metadata Fields
Age, Specimen part, Treatment, Time
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 22 Downloadable Samples
Description
Calorie restriction (CR) is a dietary intervention that extends lifespan and healthspan in a variety of organisms. CR improves mitochondrial energy production, fuel oxidation and reactive oxygen species scavenging in skeletal muscle and other tissues, and these processes are thought to be critical to the benefits of CR. PGC-1a is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates mitochondrial function and is induced by CR. Consequently, many of the mitochondrial and metabolic benefits of CR are attributed to increased PGC-1a activity. To test this model for the first time, we examined the metabolic and mitochondrial response to CR in mice lacking skeletal muscle PGC-1a (MKO). Surprisingly, MKO mice demonstrated a normal improvement in glucose homeostasis in response to CR, indicating that skeletal muscle PGC-1a is dispensable for the whole-body benefits of CR. In contrast, gene expression profiling and electron microscopy demonstrated that PGC-1a is required for the full CR-induced increases in mitochondrial gene expression and mitochondrial density in skeletal muscle. These results demonstrate that PGC-1a is a major regulator of the mitochondrial response to CR in skeletal muscle, but surprisingly show that neither PGC-1a nor mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle are required for the metabolic benefits of CR.
Publication Title
Skeletal muscle transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α mediates mitochondrial, but not metabolic, changes during calorie restriction.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 8 Downloadable Samples
Description
Understanding the response of memory CD8 T cells to persistent antigen re-stimulation and the role of CD4 T cell help is critical to the design of successful vaccines for chronic diseases. However, studies comparing the protective abilities and qualities of memory and nave cells have been mostly performed in acute infections, and little is known about their roles during chronic infections. Herein, we show that memory cells dominate over nave cells and are protective when present in large enough numbers to quickly reduce infection. In contrast, when infection is not rapidly reduced, memory cells are quickly lost, unlike nave cells. This loss of memory cells is due to (i) an early block in cell proliferation, (ii) selective regulation by the inhibitory receptor 2B4, and (iii) increased reliance on CD4 T cell help. These findings have important implications towards the design of T cell vaccines against chronic infections and tumors.
Publication Title
Tight regulation of memory CD8(+) T cells limits their effectiveness during sustained high viral load.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples