Mouse and human stem cells with features similar to those of embryonic stem cells have been derived from testicular cells. Although pluripotent stem cells have been obtained from defined germline stem cells (GSCs) of mouse neonatal testis, only multipotent stem cells have been obtained so far from defined cells of mouse adult testis. In this study we describe a robust and reproducible protocol for obtaining germline-derived pluripotent stem (gPS) cells from adult unipotent GSCs. Pluripotency of gPS cells was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo differentiation, including germ cell contribution and transmission. As determined by clonal analyses, gPS cells indeed originate from unipotent GSCs. We propose that the conversion process requires a GSC culture microenvironment that depends on the initial number of plated GSCs and the length of culture time.
Induction of pluripotency in adult unipotent germline stem cells.
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View SamplesNoroviruses have been widely recognized for their importance as causative agents of non-bacterial gastroenteritis. Mouse norovirus is the only representative of the norovirus genus, family Caliciviridae, able to grow in cell culture. The aim of this study is to describe the differences in the expression profiles of MNV-1 and mock-infected macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells), in order to better understand the response of the host cell to norovirus infection.
Apoptosis in murine norovirus-infected RAW264.7 cells is associated with downregulation of survivin.
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View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Identification of the cortical neurons that mediate antidepressant responses.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesNOD mice are an inbred strain that display enhanced MZ B cell differentiation from an early age. Interestingly, several lines of evidence implicate MZ B cells in this strain as important contributors to the T cell mediated beta cell destruction associated with the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). In order to develop a better understanding of the underlying causes for augmented MZ B cell production in NOD mice, we obtained the transcriptional profiles of FO and MZ subsets and TR precursors from NOD mice and compared them to those of the B6 strain.
Intrinsic molecular factors cause aberrant expansion of the splenic marginal zone B cell population in nonobese diabetic mice.
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View SamplesOur laboratory wanted to define the transcription profile of aged skeletal muscle. For this reason, we performed a triplicate microarray study on young (3 weeks) and aged (24 months) gatrocnemius muscle from wild-type C57B16 Mice
Transcriptional profiling of skeletal muscle reveals factors that are necessary to maintain satellite cell integrity during ageing.
Sex
View SamplesGoal of the experiment: Analysis of gene expression changes in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, Drd2-MSNs and Drd1-MSNs of mice with a postnatal, neuron-specific ablation of GLP or G9a as compared to control mice.
Control of cognition and adaptive behavior by the GLP/G9a epigenetic suppressor complex.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Activity-dependent regulation of inhibitory synapse development by Npas4.
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View SamplesTo identify the activity-induced gene expression programs in inhibitory and excitatory neurons, we analyzed RNA extracted from cultured E14 mouse MGE- and CTX-derived neurons (DIV 10) after these cultures were membrane-depolarized for 0, 1 and 6 hrs with 55mM extracellular KCl. To identify the gene programs regulated in these cells by the activity-induced early-response transcription factor Npas4, we repeated the same experiment in the MGE- and CTX-cultures lacking Npas4 (Npas4-KO).
Npas4 regulates excitatory-inhibitory balance within neural circuits through cell-type-specific gene programs.
Specimen part, Treatment, Time
View SamplesThe -amyloid precursor protein APP and the related APLPs, undergo complex proteolytic processing giving rise to several fragments. Whereas it is well established that A accumulation is a central trigger for Alzheimer disease (AD), the physiological role of APP family members and their diverse proteolytic products is still largely unknown. The secreted APPs ectodomain has been shown to be involved in neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity. The -secretase generated APP intracellular domain AICD, functions as a transciptional regulator in heterologous reporter assays, although its role for endogenous gene regulation has remained controversial. To gain further insight into the molecular changes associated with knockout phenotypes and to elucidate the physiological functions of APP family members including their proposed role as transcriptional regulators we performed a DNA microarray transcriptome profiling of the frontal cortex of adult wild type, APP-/-, APLP2-/- and APPs knockin (KI) mice, APP/, expressing solely the secreted APPs ectodomain. Biological pathways affected by the lack of APP family members included regulation of neurogenesis, regulation of transcription and regulation of neuron projection development. Comparative analysis of transcriptome changes and qPCR validation identified co-regulated gene sets. Interestingly, these included heat shock proteins and plasticity related genes that were down-regulated in knock-out cortices. In contrast, we failed to detect significant differences in expression of previously proposed AICD target genes including Bace1, Kai1, Gsk3b, p53, Tip60 and Vglut2. Only Egfr was slightly up-regulated in APLP2-/- mice. Comparison of APP-/- and APP/ with wild-type mice revealed a high proportion of co-regulated genes indicating an important role of the C-terminus for cellular signaling. Finally, comparison of APLP2-/- on different genetic backgrounds revealed that background related transcriptome changes may dominate over changes due to the knockout of a single gene. Shared transcriptome profiles corroborated closely related physiological functions of APP family members in the adult central nervous system. As expression of proposed AICD target genes was not altered in adult cortex, this may indicate that these genes are not affected by lack of APP under resting conditions or only in a small subset of cells.
Comparative transcriptome profiling of amyloid precursor protein family members in the adult cortex.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesThis study was designed to define erythropoietin (EPO) regulated genes in murine bone marrow erythroid progenitor cells at two stages of development, designated E1, and E2. E1 cells correspond to CFUe- like progenitors, while E2 cells are proerythroblasts.
Defining an EPOR- regulated transcriptome for primary progenitors, including Tnfr-sf13c as a novel mediator of EPO- dependent erythroblast formation.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment
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