This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Sirt1 Regulates DNA Methylation and Differentiation Potential of Embryonic Stem Cells by Antagonizing Dnmt3l.
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View SamplesStem-cells and transformed cancer cells specifically express a polycomb repressive complex subtype, PRC4 which characteristically contains Sirt1 (Sirtuin-1), a NAD+ dependent class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) and Eed2 isoform as specific members. Analyzing the transcriptiome and methylome analysis of Sirt1 deficient murine ESCs (Sirt1-/- ESC), we demonstrate that these cells repressed specifically on some genomic imprinted and germ-line related genes.
Sirt1 Regulates DNA Methylation and Differentiation Potential of Embryonic Stem Cells by Antagonizing Dnmt3l.
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View SamplesThe genetic mechanism governing the spatial patterning of teeth still remains to be elucidated. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is one of key signaling molecules involved in the spatial patterning of teeth. By utilizing maternal transfer of 5E1 (an IgG1 monoclonal antibody against Shh protein) through the placenta to block Shh signaling, we investigated the changes in tooth patterning and in gene expression.
Interactions between Shh, Sostdc1 and Wnt signaling and a new feedback loop for spatial patterning of the teeth.
Specimen part, Time
View SamplesEquine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is the causative agent of a number of equine pathological states, including severe disease of the central nervous system, respiratory infections, and abortion storms. Our results showed that intranasal immunization with CpG-B oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) protects CBA mice from lethal EHV-1 challenge. IFN-γ and seven interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were upregulated 39.4- to 260.3-fold at 8 h postchallenge in the lungs of RacL11-challenged mice that had been immunized with CpG-B ODN. Treatment with 20 ng/ml of IFN-γ reduced EHV-1 yield by 100-fold in MH-S at 4 days post-VZV infection compared to that of untreated cells. However, IFN-γ reduced virus yield by only 2-fold in and mouse fibroblast L-M cells. To identify IFN-γ-stimulated genes that inhibit EHV-1 replication, Affymetrix microarray analyses were performed with IFN-γ-treated MH-S and L-M cells. In MH-S cells, IFN-γ upregulated 551 genes and down-regulated 136 genes as compared to those of untreated cells. In L-M cells, IFN-γ upregulated 225 genes and downregulated 2 genes. Nine genes associated with innate immune response were significantly upregulated only in MH-S cells. Five antiviral ISGs MX1, SAMHD1, NAMPT, TREX1, and DDX60 were upregulated 3.2- to 18.1-fold only in MH-S cells. These results suggest that CpG-B ODN may be used as a prophylactic agent in horses.
Interferon Gamma Inhibits Equine Herpesvirus 1 Replication in a Cell Line-Dependent Manner.
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment
View SamplesIn eukaryotes, regulation of mRNA translation enables a fast, localized and finely tuned expression of gene products. Within the translation process, the first stage of translation initiation is most rigorously modulated by the actions of eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) and their associated proteins. These 11 eIFs catalyze the joining of the tRNA, mRNA and rRNA into a functional translation complex. Their activity is influenced by a wide variety of extra- and intracellular signals, ranging from global, such as hormone signaling and unfolded proteins, to specific, such as single amino acid imbalance and iron deficiency. Their action is correspondingly comprehensive, in increasing or decreasing recruitment and translation of most cellular mRNAs, and specialized, in targeting translation of mRNAs with regulatory features such as a 5 terminal oligopyrimidine tract (TOP), upstream open reading frames (uORFs), or an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). In mammals, two major pathways are linked to targeted mRNA translation. The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase induces translation of TOP and perhaps other subsets of mRNAs, whereas a family of eIF2 kinases does so with mRNAs containing uORFs or an IRES. TOR targets translation of mRNAs that code for proteins involved in translation, an action compatible with its widely accepted role in regulating cellular growth. The four members of the eIF2 kinase family increase translation of mRNAs coding for stress response proteins such as transcription factors and chaperones. Though all four kinases act on one main substrate, eIF2, published literature demonstrates both common and unique effects by each kinase in response to its specific activating stress. This suggests that the activated eIF2 kinases regulate the translation of both a global and a specific set of mRNAs. Up to now, few studies have attempted to test such a hypothesis; none has been done in mammals.
eIF2alpha kinases GCN2 and PERK modulate transcription and translation of distinct sets of mRNAs in mouse liver.
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View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
The transcription factor Foxo1 controls central-memory CD8+ T cell responses to infection.
Specimen part
View SamplesTo find out genes regulated by geranylgeraniol (GGOH) treatment in peritoneal macrophage, we compared gene expression of cells treated with 200ng ml LPS and 250 micromolar compactin versus 200ng ml LPS, 250 micromolar compactin and 100micromolar GGOH.
Sufficient production of geranylgeraniol is required to maintain endotoxin tolerance in macrophages.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesGlomerular RNA comparison between wild-type and podocyte specific deletion of the PTIP gene in 1 month old kidneys. The PTIP gene was deleted using a floxed allele and a Podocin-Cre driver strain.
Altering a histone H3K4 methylation pathway in glomerular podocytes promotes a chronic disease phenotype.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe purpose of this experiment is to understand which transcripts are differentially expressed following exposure to TCDD.
TCDD inhibits heart regeneration in adult zebrafish.
Treatment
View SamplesThe goal of the study was to identify the genes which are regulated by Interleukin-2 in the CD4+ T cells of the scurfy mice during regulatory T-cell deficiency. Scurfy (Sf) mice bear a mutation in the forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) transcription factor, lack regulatory T-cells (Treg), develop multi-organ inflammation, and die prematurely. The major target organs affected are skin, lungs, and liver. Sf mice lacking the Il2 gene (Sf.Il2-/-), despite devoid of Treg, did not develop skin and lung inflammation, but the inflammation in liver, pancreas, submandibular gland and colon remained. Genome-wide microarray analysis revealed hundreds of genes were differentially regulated among Sf, Sf.Il2-/-, and B6 CD4+ T-cells but the most changes were those encoding receptors for trafficking/chemotaxis/retention and lymphokines. Our study suggests that IL-2 controls the skin and lung inflammation in Sf mice in an apparent "organ-specific" manner through two novel mechanisms: by regulating the expression of genes encoding receptors for T-cell trafficking/chemotaxis/retention and by regulating Th2 cell expansion and lymphokine production. Thus, IL-2 is a master regulator for multi-organ inflammation and an underlying etiological factor for various diseases associated with skin and lung inflammation.
IL-2-controlled expression of multiple T cell trafficking genes and Th2 cytokines in the regulatory T cell-deficient scurfy mice: implication to multiorgan inflammation and control of skin and lung inflammation.
Sex, Specimen part
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