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GSE43581
Mus musculus
12 Downloadable Samples
Description
We assessed the impact of glucose transporter Glut2 gene inactivation in adult mouse liver (LG2KO mice). This suppressed hepatic glucose uptake but not glucose output. In the fasted state, expression of carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) and its glycolytic and lipogenic target genes was abnormally elevated. Feeding, energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity were identical in LG2KO and control mice. Glucose tolerance was normal early after Glut2 inactivation but intolerance developed at later time. This was caused by progressive impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion even though beta-cell mass and insulin content remained normal. Liver transcript profiling revealed a coordinate down-regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis genes in LG2KO mice. This was associated with reduced hepatic cholesterol in fasted mice and a 30 percent reduction in bile acid production. We showed that chronic bile acids or FXR agonist treatment of primary islets increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, an effect not seen in islets from fxr-/- mice. Collectively, our data show that glucose sensing by the liver controls beta-cell glucose competence, through a mechanism that likely depends on bile acid production and action on beta-cells.
Publication Title
Hepatic glucose sensing is required to preserve β cell glucose competence.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 17 Downloadable Samples
Description
Stem cells reside in specific niches providing stemness-maintaining environments. Thus, the regulated migration from these niches is associated with differentiation onset. However, mechanisms retaining stem cells in their niche remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the epigenetic regulator lysine-specific demethylase 1 (Lsd1) organises the trophoblast niche of the early mouse embryo by coordinating migration and invasion of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). Lsd1 deficiency leads to the depletion of the stem cell pool resulting from precocious migration of TSCs.
Publication Title
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 regulates differentiation onset and migration of trophoblast stem cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Time
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 27 Downloadable Samples
Description
Expression profiling of normal NIH3T3 and transformed NIH3T3 K-ras cell lines grown for 72 hours in optimal glucose availability (25 mM glucose) or low glucose availability (1 mM). Low glucose induces apoptosis in transformed cells as compared to normal ones.
Publication Title
Oncogenic K-Ras decouples glucose and glutamine metabolism to support cancer cell growth.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Time
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
Description
Mast cells, activated by antigen via the high affinity receptor for IgE (FcRI), release an array of pro-inflammatory mediators that contribute to allergic disorders such as asthma and anaphylaxis. The KIT ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), is critical for mast cell expansion, differentiation and survival, and, under acute conditions, enhances mast cell activation. However, extended SCF exposure in vivo conversely protects against fatal antigen-mediated anaphylaxis. In investigating this dichotomy, we identified a novel mode of regulation of the mast cell activation phenotype through SCF-mediated programming. We found that mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells chronically exposed to SCF displayed a marked attenuation of FcRI-mediated degranulation and cytokine production. The hypo-responsive phenotype was not a consequence of altered signals regulating calcium flux or protein kinase C, but of ineffective cytoskeletal reorganization, with evidence implicating a down-regulation of expression of the Src kinase Hck. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a major role for SCF in the homeostatic control of mast cell activation with potential relevance to mast cell-driven disease and the development of novel approaches for the treatment of allergic disorders.
Publication Title
Stem cell factor programs the mast cell activation phenotype.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 6 Downloadable Samples
Description
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is elevated in afflicted tissues of patients with mast cell-dependent chronic allergic diseases. Based on its acute effects on mouse mast cells (MCs), IL-33 is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic disease through MC activation. However, the manifestations of chronic IL-33 exposure on human MC function, which best reflect the conditions associated with chronic allergic disease, are unknown. We now find that long-term exposure of human and mouse MCs to IL-33 results in a substantial reduction of MC activation in response to antigen. This reduction required >72 h exposure to IL-33 for onset and 1-2 wk for reversion following IL-33 removal. This hypo-responsive phenotype was determined to be a consequence of MyD88-dependent attenuation of signaling processes necessary for MC activation including antigen-mediated calcium mobilization and cytoskeletal reorganization; potentially as a consequence of down-regulation of the expression of PLCg1 and Hck. These findings suggest that IL-33 may play a protective, rather than a causative role in MC activation under chronic conditions and, furthermore, reveal regulated plasticity in the MC activation phenotype. The ability to down-regulate MC activation in this manner may provide alternative approaches for treatment of MC-driven disease.
Publication Title
IL-33 induces a hyporesponsive phenotype in human and mouse mast cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 2 Downloadable Samples
Description
Progressive tissue fibrosis is a major cause of morbidity, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a terminal illness characterized by unremitting matrix deposition in the lung with very limited choice of therapies. The imcomplete understanding of the mechanisms of progressive fibrosis curbs the progress in therapeutics development. Of which, the origin of fibrotic fibroblasts has been poorly defined during the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis. Here, we fate-mapped a early embryonic transcription factor T-box gene 4 (Tbx4)-derived mesenchymal progenitors in injured adult lung and found that Tbx4+ lineage cells are the major source of myofibroblasts. The ablation of Tbx4+ cells or disruption of Tbx4 signaling attenuated lung fibrosis in bleomycin injury model in mice in vivo. Furthermore, Tbx4+ fibroblasts are more invasive and the regulation of fibroblast invasiveness by Tbx4 is through mediating hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2). This study identified a major mesenchymal transcription factor driving the development of fibrotic fibroblasts during lung fibrosis. Understanding the origin, signaling, and functions of these fibroblasts would prove pivotal in the development of therapeutics for patients with progressive fibrotic diseases.
Publication Title
Transcription factor TBX4 regulates myofibroblast accumulation and lung fibrosis.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 16 Downloadable Samples
Description
The process of hepatocarcinogenesis in the diethylnitrosamine (DEN) initiation/phenobarbital (PB) promotion mouse model involves the selective clonal outgrowth of cells harboring oncogene mutations in Ha-ras, B-raf, or Ctnnb1. Here, we have characterized mouse liver tumors harboring either Ctnnb1 or Ha-ras mutations via integrated molecular profiling at the transcriptional and translational and post-translational levels. In addition, metabolites of the intermediary metabolism were quantified by high resultion 1H magic angle nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS NMR). We have identified tumor characteristic genotype-specific differences in mRNA and miRNA expression, protein levels, and post-translational modifications and in metabolite levels that facilitate the molecular and biochemical stratification of tumor phenotypes. Bioinformatic integration of these data at the pathway level led to novel insights into tumor genotype-specific aberrant cell signaling and in particular to a better understanding of alterations in pathways of the cell intermediary metabolism, which are driven by the constitutive activation of the -Catenin and Ha-ras oncoproteins in tumors of the two genotypes.
Publication Title
Ha-ras and β-catenin oncoproteins orchestrate metabolic programs in mouse liver tumors.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus, Homo sapiens
- 22 Downloadable Samples
Description
All highly and poorly permeable metastases from the same mouse brain were collected by laser capture microdissection. Total RNA from both metastatic lesions and immediate microenvironment was isolated from 5 mice bearing 231-BR metastases. As control 4 healthy mouse brains were included.
Publication Title
Reactive astrocytic S1P3 signaling modulates the blood-tumor barrier in brain metastases.
Sample Metadata Fields
Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 285 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 1.1 ST Array (hugene11st)
Description
Affymetrix Human Gene 1.1 ST Array profiling of 285 primary medulloblastoma samples.
Publication Title
Subgroup-specific structural variation across 1,000 medulloblastoma genomes.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age
View Samples