Huntington's disease (HD) features a unique disease-initiating mechanism hypothesized to entail an impact of the CAG repeat encoded polyglutamine region on the full-length huntingtin protein, with dominant effects that are continuous with CAG size, in a simple gain of function. To evaluate these predictions, we generated a series of heterozygous Hdh CAG knock-in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines, with 18, 48, 89, 109 CAGs, and found that a continuous analytic strategy efficiently identified, from genome-wide datasets, 73 genes and 172 pathways whose expression varied continuously with CAG length. The CAG-correlated genes were distinct from the set of 754 genes that distinguished huntingtin null ES cells from wild-type controls, and CAG-correlated pathways did not display a one-to-one correspondence with the 238 pathways altered in huntingtin null ES cells. Rather, the genes that varied with CAG size were either members of the same pathways as altered genes in huntingtin null cells or were members of unique pathways related to these pathways. These findings falsified a gain of function/loss of function proposal but were consistent with the simple gain of novel function mechanism hypothesis. The dominant CAG correlated gene expression changes conformed to the genetic features of the HD initiating mechanism and were system-wide and inter-related with pathways perturbed by lack of full-length huntingtin function, urging system-wide approaches for the discovery and validation of potential modulating factors, in the search for effective HD therapeutics.
HD CAG-correlated gene expression changes support a simple dominant gain of function.
Cell line
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Integrative cross-omics analysis in primary mouse hepatocytes unravels mechanisms of cyclosporin A-induced hepatotoxicity.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe transcriptomics changes induced in Primary Mouse Hepatocytes by Cyclosporin A after treatment for 24h and 48h
Integrative cross-omics analysis in primary mouse hepatocytes unravels mechanisms of cyclosporin A-induced hepatotoxicity.
Specimen part
View SamplesAll highly and poorly permeable metastases from the same mouse brain were collected by laser capture microdissection. Total RNA from both metastatic lesions and immediate microenvironment was isolated from 5 mice bearing 231-BR metastases. As control 4 healthy mouse brains were included.
Reactive astrocytic S1P3 signaling modulates the blood-tumor barrier in brain metastases.
Subject
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