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GSE21738
Mus musculus
4 Downloadable Samples
Description
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) display dynamic plasticity by changing phenotype under various pathophysiological conditions. Uncovering how SMCs regulate their phenotype is a key to understanding the molecular mechanisms of a number of gastrointestinal diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), generated in cells by Dicer, have been identified as regulators of the differentiation state of SMCs. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of miRNAs during the development of gastrointestinal SMCs in a transgenic animal model. We generated SMC-specific Dicer (smDicer) null animals that express the reporter, green fluorescence protein (eGFP), in a SMC-specific manner. eGFP labeled SMCs were used for morphological, cytometric and genetic studies of smDicer null mutant and wild type control mice. The structure of the bowel wall was examined by confocal microscopy, and function was evaluated by recording spontaneous and evoked contractions. SMCs were purified with fluorescence-activated cell sorting and SM specific gene expression studies were performed with genechip arrays, PCR and quantitative PCR. Bioinformatic analyses were used to characterize the interaction between miRNAs and target genes. SMC-specific knockout of Dicer prevented SMC miRNA biogenesis, causing dramatic changes in phenotype, function, and global gene expression in SMCs. Profiling and bioinformatic analyses showed SMC phenotype is regulated by a complex network of positive and negative feedback by SM miRNAs, serum response factor (SRF), and other transcriptional factors. SM miRNAs play an important role in growth, development and survival of SMCs. Phenotypic changes of SMCs may be regulated through multiple pathways in an interaction network of SM miRNAs, SRF, and additional transcriptional factors.
Publication Title
No associated publication
Sample Metadata Fields
Age, Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 8 Downloadable Samples
Description
This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Publication Title
No associated publication
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 16 Downloadable Samples
Description
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric liver tumor, and there are no targeted therapies available for children with HB. We have previously developed a murine model of HB which is driven by coactivation of the oncogenes YAP1 and -catenin (CTNNB1) [Tao J, Calvisi D, Ranganathan S, et al. Gastroenterology, 2014 Sep; 147(3): 690701]. We used the Sleeping Beauty transposase system combined with hydrodynamic tail vein injection to deliver plasmids containing mutant activated forms of YAP1 (YAP S127A) and -catenin (N90 -catenin) to a small number of pericentral hepatocytes. We have shown that these few transformed hepatocytes proliferate and dedifferentiate, eventually forming histologically heterogeneous tumors that resemble various subtypes of human HB (which is also highly heterogeneous), including areas of well-differentiated fetal, crowded fetal, embryonal, and blastemal HB. Our goal was to investigate how coactivation of YAP1 and -catenin drive the dedifferentiation of hepatocytes into hepatoblast-like tumor cells over time, leading to HB tumors. In order to measure changes in gene expression during tumorigenesis in our model, we used an Affymetrix microarray to analyze isolated RNA from wild type FVB mouse livers, mouse HB tumor tissue, and non-tumor liver tissue adjacent to HB tumors.
Publication Title
Hepatocyte-Derived Lipocalin 2 Is a Potential Serum Biomarker Reflecting Tumor Burden in Hepatoblastoma.
Sample Metadata Fields
Age, Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
Description
Analysis of heart ventricles from Hopx, Hdac2, and both Hopx-Hdac2 deficient embryos at embryonic day E16.5. Results provide insight into the role of Hopx and Hdac2 in cardiac development.
Publication Title
Hopx and Hdac2 interact to modulate Gata4 acetylation and embryonic cardiac myocyte proliferation.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 10 Downloadable Samples
Description
The goal was to identify genes targeted by miR-30a.
Publication Title
The microRNA-30 family is required for vertebrate hepatobiliary development.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 8 Downloadable Samples
Description
B-lymphocyte differentiation is an exquisitely regulated homeostatic process resulting in continuous production of appropriately selected B cells. Relatively small changes in gene expression can result in deregulation of this process, leading acute lymphocytic leukemia, immune deficiency or autoimmunity. Translocation of Mll1 (Kmt2a) often results in a pro-B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL), but little is known about its role in normal B cell differentiation. Using a Rag1-cre knock-in to selectively delete Mll1 in developing lymphocytes, we show that B-cell, but not T-cell homeostasis depends on MLL1. Mll1-/- B progenitors fail to differentiate efficiently through the pro- to pre-B cell transition, resulting in a persistent reduction in B cell populations. Cells inefficiently transit the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) checkpoint, despite normal to higher levels of pre-BCR components and rearranged IgH expression fails to rescue this differentiation block. Instead of IgH rearrangement defects, we find that Mll1-/- pre-B cells exhibit attenuated RAS/MAPK signaling downstream of the pre-BCR, resulting in reduced survival in physiologic levels of IL-7. Genome-wide expression data illustrate that MLL1 is connected to B-cell differentiation and IL-7-dependent survival through a complex transcriptional network. Overall, our data demonstrate that wild type MLL1 is a regulator of pre-BCR signaling and B-cell differentiation, and further suggest that targeting its function in B-ALL may be more broadly effective than previously anticipated.
Publication Title
No associated publication
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 8 Downloadable Samples
Description
The MLL1 histone methyltransferase gene undergoes many distinct chromosomal rearrangements to yield poor-prognosis leukemia. The remaining wild-type allele is most commonly, but not always, retained. To what extent the wild-type allele contributes to leukemogenesis is unclear. Here we show using rigorous, independent animal models that endogenous MLL1 is dispensable for MLL-rearranged leukemia. Potential redundancy was addressed by co-deleting the closest paralog, Mll2. Surprisingly, Mll2 deletion alone had a significant impact on survival of MLL-AF9-transformed cells and additional Mll1 loss further reduced viability and proliferation. We show that MLL1/MLL2 collaboration is not through redundancy but regulation of distinct pathways. These findings highlight the relevance of MLL2 as a drug target in MLL-rearranged leukemia and suggest its broader significance in AML.
Publication Title
No associated publication
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 4 Downloadable Samples
Description
Ocular immune privilege (IP) limits immune surveillance of intraocular tumors as certain immunogenic tumor cell lines (P815, E.G7-OVA) that are rejected when transplanted in the skin grow progressively when placed in the anterior chamber (a.c.) of the eye. As splenectomy (SPLNX) is known to terminate ocular IP, we characterized immune mechanisms responsible for spontaneous rejection of intraocular tumors in SPLNX mice as a first step toward identifying how to restore tumoricidal activity within the eye. Microarray data showed a 3-fold increase in interferon (IFN)- and a 2.7-fold increase in Fas ligand (FasL). There was a robust increase in transcripts (127 of 408 surveyed) from interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes and a marked decrease (in 40 of 192 surveyed) in the expression of cell-cycle-associated genes. Non-microarray data confirmed that IFN, FasL and CD8+ T cells but not perforin or TNF were required for elimination of intraocular E.G7-OVA tumors that culminated in destruction of the eye (ocular phthsis). IFN and FasL did not target tumor cells directly as the majority of SPLNX IFNR1-/- mice and Fas-defective lpr mice failed to eliminate ocular E.G7-OVA tumors that expressed Fas and IFNR1. Bone marrow chimeras showed that immune cell expression of IFNR1 and Fas was critical and that SPLNX increased the frequency of activated macrophages within ocular tumors in an IFN- and Fas/FasL-dependent manner. Rejection of intraocular tumors was associated with increased ocular mRNA expression of several inflammatory genes including FasL, NOS2, CXCL2 and T-bet. Our data support a model in which IFN- and Fas/FasL-dependent activation of intratumoral macrophage by CD8+ T cells promotes severe intraocular inflammation that indirectly eliminates intraocular tumors by inducing phthisis. The immunosuppressive mechanisms which maintain ocular IP likely interfere with the interaction between CD8+ T cells and macrophage to limit immunosurveillance of intraocular tumors.
Publication Title
Splenectomy promotes indirect elimination of intraocular tumors by CD8+ T cells that is associated with IFNγ- and Fas/FasL-dependent activation of intratumoral macrophages.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 4 Downloadable Samples
Description
We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression underlying cardiac development by HDAC2 and identified distinct classes of up-regulated and down-regulated genes during this process.
Publication Title
Hdac2 regulates the cardiac hypertrophic response by modulating Gsk3 beta activity.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 38 Downloadable Samples
Description
Germ free (GF) and conventionalized (CONV-D) wild-type C57Bl/6 male mice in the CARB-fed, 24h fasted, and 30d trained states; plus GF and CONV-D CARB-fed Ppara-/- mice. CARB-fed indicates a standard polysaccharide-rich mouse chow diet.
Publication Title
No associated publication
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part
View Samples