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GSE38754
Mus musculus
40 Downloadable Samples
Description
Temporal changes of gene expression from 1-wk- to 4-wk and 8-wk-old mouse in heart, kidney and lung. Mammalian somatic growth is rapid in early postnatal life but then slows and eventually ceases in multiple tissues. We hypothesized that there exists a postnatal gene expression program that is common to multiple tissues and is responsible for this coordinate growth deceleration. Consistent with this hypothesis, microarray analysis identified >1600 genes that were regulated with age coordinately in kidney, lung, and heart of juvenile mice, including many genes that regulate proliferation. As examples, we focused on three growth-promoting genes, Igf2, Mest, and Peg3, that were markedly downregulated with age. We conclude that there exists an extensive genetic program occurring during postnatal life. Many of the involved genes are regulated coordinately in multiple organs, including many genes that regulate cell proliferation. At least some of these are themselves apparently regulated by growth, suggesting that, in the embryo, a gene expression pattern is established that allows for rapid somatic growth of multiple tissues but then, during postnatal life, this growth leads to negative-feedback changes in gene expression that in turn slow and eventually halt somatic growth, thus imposing a fundamental limit on adult body size.
Publication Title
An extensive genetic program occurring during postnatal growth in multiple tissues.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
Description
We have previously demonstrated that pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF) ais a biomarker in sepsis and sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) with genetic variants conferring ALI susceptibility118. In the current study, we explored the mechanistic participation of PBEF in ALI and ventilator-induced associated lung injury (VIALI). Initial in vitro studies and demonstrated rhPBEF aas a direct rat neutrophil chemotactic factor in vitro producing marked in vivo increases in BAL leukocytes (PMNs) in vivo following (intratracheal injection (,IT) in C57B6 mice. These latter changes were accompanied by increased BAL levels of the PMN chemoattractants (, KC and MIP2), and modest changes in lung vascular and but were not associated with significant increasesin alveolar permeability. We next explored the potential synergism between rhPBEF administration (IT) and a mechanical ventilation model of modest VILI lung injury (4 hours, 30 ml/kg tidal volume). We and observed dramatic synergistic increases in BAL PMNs, and both BAL protein and cytokine levels (IL-6, TNF-?, KC). Gene expression profiling Microarray analysis further supported a major role for PBEF in the induction of gene modules associated with ALI and VALI (NFkB pathway, leukocyte extravasation, apoptosis, toll receptor signaling). Finally, we exposed wild type and heterozygous PBEF+/- mice (targeted deletion of a single PBEF allele deletion) to a model of severe VILImechanical ventilation-induced lung injury (4 hours, 40 ml/kg tidal volume). PBEF+/- mice were significantly protected from VIALI-associated increases in BAL protein and BAL IL-6 levels and exhibited significantly reduced expression of ALI-associated gene expression modules. Together, these results indicate that PBEF is a key inflammatory mediator intimately involved in both the development and severity of ventilator-induced ALI.
Publication Title
Essential role of pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor in ventilator-induced lung injury.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 16 Downloadable Samples
Illumina NovaSeq 6000
Description
Study objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea overlap syndrome is associated with excess mortality, and outcomes are related to the degree of hypoxemia. People at high altitude are susceptible to periodic breathing, and hypoxia at altitude is associated with cardio-metabolic dysfunction. Hypoxemia in these scenarios may be described as superimposed sustained plus intermittent hypoxia, or overlap hypoxia (OH), the effects of which have not been investigated. We aimed to characterize the cardio-metabolic consequences of OH in mice. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were subjected to either sustained hypoxia (SH, FiO2=0.10), intermittent hypoxia (IH, FiO2=0.21 for 12 hours, and FiO2 oscillating between 0.21 and 0.06, 60 times/hour, for 12 hours), OH (FiO2=0.13 for 12 hours, and FiO2 oscillating between 0.13 and 0.06, 60 times/hour, for 12 hours), or room air (RA), n=8/group. Blood pressure and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test were measured serially, and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was assessed. Results: Systolic blood pressure transiently increased in IH and OH relative to SH and RA. RVSP did not increase in IH, but increased in SH and OH by 52% (p<0.001) and 20% (p=0.001). Glucose disposal worsened in IH and improved in SH, with no change in OH. Serum LDL and VLDL increased in OH and SH, but not in IH. Hepatic oxidative stress increased in all hypoxic groups, with the highest increase in OH. Conclusions: Overlap hypoxia may represent a unique and deleterious cardio-metabolic stimulus, causing systemic and pulmonary hypertension, and without protective metabolic effects characteristic of sustained hypoxia. Overall design: Whole liver mRNA profiles of C57BL/6J mice exposed to RA, SH, IH, or OH.
Publication Title
Combined intermittent and sustained hypoxia is a novel and deleterious cardio-metabolic phenotype.
Sample Metadata Fields
Age, Specimen part, Genotype, Treatment, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 5 Downloadable Samples
Description
CD4 T cell help is critical for both the generation and maintenance of germinal centers, and T follicular helper (TFH) cells are the CD4 T cell subset required for this process. SAP (SH2D1A) expression in CD4 T cells is essential for germinal center development. However, SAP-deficient mice have only a moderate defect in TFH differentiation as defined by common TFH surface markers. CXCR5+ TFH cells are found within the germinal center as well as along the boundary regions of T/B cell zones. Here we show that germinal center associated T cells (GC TFH) can be identified by their co-expression of CXCR5 and the GL7 epitope, allowing for phenotypic and functional analysis of TFH and GC TFH populations. Here we show GC TFH are a functionally discrete subset of further polarized TFH cells, with enhanced B cell help capacity and a specialized ability to produce IL-4 in a TH2-independent manner. Strikingly, SAP-deficient mice have an absence of the GC TFH subset and SAP- TFH are defective in IL-4 and IL-21 production. We further demonstrate that SLAM (Slamf1, CD150), a surface receptor that utilizes SAP signaling, is specifically required for IL-4 production by GC TFH. GC TFH cells require IL-4 and IL-21 production for optimal help to B cells. These data illustrate complexities of SAP-dependent SLAM family receptor signaling, revealing a prominent role for SLAM receptor ligation in IL-4 production by germinal center CD4 T cells but not in TFH and GC TFH differentiation.
Publication Title
Germinal center T follicular helper cell IL-4 production is dependent on signaling lymphocytic activation molecule receptor (CD150).
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 5 Downloadable Samples
Description
CD4 T cell help is critical for both the generation and maintenance of germinal centers, and T follicular helper (TFH) cells are the CD4 T cell subset required for this process. SAP (SH2D1A) expression in CD4 T cells is essential for germinal center development. However, SAP-deficient mice have only a moderate defect in TFH differentiation as defined by common TFH surface markers. CXCR5+ TFH cells are found within the germinal center as well as along the boundary regions of T/B cell zones. Here we show that germinal center associated T cells (GC TFH) can be identified by their co-expression of CXCR5 and the GL7 epitope, allowing for phenotypic and functional analysis of TFH and GC TFH populations. Here we show GC TFH are a functionally discrete subset of further polarized TFH cells, with enhanced B cell help capacity and a specialized ability to produce IL-4 in a TH2-independent manner. Strikingly, SAP-deficient mice have an absence of the GC TFH subset and SAP- TFH are defective in IL-4 and IL-21 production. We further demonstrate that SLAM (Slamf1, CD150), a surface receptor that utilizes SAP signaling, is specifically required for IL-4 production by GC TFH. GC TFH cells require IL-4 and IL-21 production for optimal help to B cells. These data illustrate complexities of SAP-dependent SLAM family receptor signaling, revealing a prominent role for SLAM receptor ligation in IL-4 production by germinal center CD4 T cells but not in TFH and GC TFH differentiation.
Publication Title
Germinal center T follicular helper cell IL-4 production is dependent on signaling lymphocytic activation molecule receptor (CD150).
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 5 Downloadable Samples
Description
Analysis of in vivo antigen-specific (LCMV-specific, SMARTA TCR transgenic) follicular helper CD4 T cells (CXCR5high),versus non-follicular helper CD4 T cells (CXCR5low), eight days after viral infection. A paper including data analysis of these experiments has been accepted for publication (Robert J. Johnston et al. Bcl6 and Blimp-1 are reciprocal and antagonistic regulators of follicular helper CD4 T cell differentiation).
Publication Title
Bcl6 and Blimp-1 are reciprocal and antagonistic regulators of T follicular helper cell differentiation.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus, Homo sapiens
- 2 Downloadable Samples
Description
This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Publication Title
STAT6 transcription factor is a facilitator of the nuclear receptor PPARγ-regulated gene expression in macrophages and dendritic cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment, Subject, Time
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 2 Downloadable Samples
Description
C57Bl/6 wild-type and STAT6 KO mice were used to study PPARg and IL-4 signaling. Bone marrow of 3 mice per group was isolated and differentiated to macrophages with M-CSF (20 ng/ml). 20 ng/ml IL-4 was used to induce alternative macrophage activation and 1 uM Rosiglitazone (RSG) was used to activate PPARg. From each mouse 4 samples were generated: 1. M-CSF, 2. M-CSF+RSG, 3. IL-4 and 4. IL-4+RSG. All compounds were added throughout the whole differentiation process, and frech media was added every other day. Control cells were treated with vehicle (DMSO:ethanol). After 10 days, RNA was isolated and gene expression profiles were analyzed using Mouse Genome 430 2.0 microarrays from Affymetrix.
Publication Title
STAT6 transcription factor is a facilitator of the nuclear receptor PPARγ-regulated gene expression in macrophages and dendritic cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment, Time
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 107 Downloadable Samples
Description
In this study that was specifically designed to identify early stages of glaucoma in DBA/2J mice, we used genome-wide expression profiling and a series of computational methods. Our methods successfully subdivided eyes with no detectable glaucoma by conventional assays into molecularly defined stages of disease. These stages represent a temporally ordered sequence of glaucoma states. Using an array of tools, we then determined networks and biological processes that are altered at these early stages. Our strategy proved very sensitive, suggesting that similar approaches will be valuable for uncovering early processes in other complex, later-onset diseases. Early changes included upregulation of both the complement cascade and endothelin system, and so we tested the therapeutic value of separately inhibiting them. Mice with a mutation in the complement component 1a gene (C1qa) were robustly protected from glaucoma with the protection being among the greatest reported. Similarly, inhibition of the endothelin system was strongly protective. Since EDN2 is potently vasoconstrictive and was produced by microglial/macrophages, our data provide a novel link between these cell types and vascular dysfunction in glaucoma. Targeting early events such as the upregulation of the complement and endothelin pathways may provide effective new treatments for human glaucoma.
Publication Title
Molecular clustering identifies complement and endothelin induction as early events in a mouse model of glaucoma.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View Samples- Danio rerio
- 1 Downloadable Sample
Description
Photoreceptor damage in adult mammals results in permanent cell loss and glial scarring in the retina. In contrast, adult zebrafish can regenerate photoreceptors following injury. By using a stable transgenic line in which GFP is driven by the cis-regulatory sequences of a glial specific marker gfap, Tg(gfap:GFP)mi2002, previous studies showed that Mller glia, the radial glial cells in the retina, proliferate after photoreceptor loss and give rise to neuronal progenitors that eventually differentiate into regenerated photoreceptors. To identify the molecular mechanisms that initiate this regenerative response, Mller glia were isolated from Tg(gfap:GFP)mi2002 fish during the early stages of regeneration after light lesion and gene expression profiles were generated by microarray analyses.
Publication Title
Genetic evidence for shared mechanisms of epimorphic regeneration in zebrafish.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
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